Use case · Aviation ground power

Battery-Powered Ground Power Units (GPU) for Aviation in Pakistan

AmpereX engineers custom lithium and LiFePO4 battery-powered ground power units for aircraft — an alternative to diesel- and petrol-engine GPUs for suitable applications. The battery pack, BMS, power electronics, output configuration, aircraft interface, charging, enclosure, monitoring and protection are designed around the application each unit will serve.

The same engineering extends to aircraft batteries for engine starting, takeoff energy, small aeroplanes, and paramotors and powered paragliders.

Battery-powered ground power unit architectureA battery-powered ground power unit cart connected to a parked aircraft. Inside the cart, mains charging feeds a lithium battery pack protected by a BMS, which supplies power electronics that produce the regulated aircraft output through the ground power cable and connector.CHARGER · MAINS INPUTLiFePO₄ PACKPOWERELEC.BMS · MONITORING · PROTECTIONBattery-powered GPUCUSTOM-ENGINEEREDAircraft external power receptacleOutput cable & aircraft connectorPOWER CHAINMainsChargerBattery + BMSPower electronicsAircraft
Illustrative architecture: mains charging, lithium battery pack with BMS, power electronics and the aircraft ground power connection.
Chemistry
Lithium / LiFePO4
High-current configurations
≈1,200 A peak, design-dependent
Larger configurations
≈150 kW continuous, design-dependent
Experience
Multiple airport battery/power projects in Pakistan

Why battery-powered ground power

A ground power unit supplies an aircraft's electrical systems while it is parked, so the aircraft does not need to run its own engines or auxiliary power unit for ground power. Conventional GPUs use a diesel or petrol engine to drive a generator. An electric ground power unit draws that energy from a rechargeable battery pack instead.

No tailpipe emissions

No combustion exhaust during battery operation, reducing local emissions at the stand and in hangars.

Lower operating noise

Quieter than combustion-engine GPUs, improving conditions for ground crews and maintenance staff.

Rechargeable operation

Recharged from the mains supply between operations instead of being refuelled.

Reduced fuel dependence

Less fuel handling, storage and refuelling logistics for ground-support fleets.

Diesel GPU vs lithium battery GPU
AspectDiesel / petrol GPUBattery-powered GPU
Energy sourceDiesel or petrol engine driving a generatorRechargeable lithium / LiFePO4 battery pack
Exhaust at the aircraft standCombustion exhaust while runningNo tailpipe emissions during battery operation
NoiseEngine noise on the apron and in hangarsLower operating noise; mainly cooling fans and power electronics
Fuel logisticsRefuelling, fuel storage and handlingRecharged from mains power; reduced dependence on fuel
Idle behaviourEngine often idles while waiting for demandDraws energy only when delivering power
Indoor / hangar useExhaust limits use in enclosed spacesBetter suited to hangars and enclosed areas
Operating limitFuel tank, refuelled on siteBattery capacity; runtime planned against duty cycle and recharge window

Whether a battery GPU is a suitable diesel GPU replacement depends on the aircraft's power requirement, duty cycle, daily operating hours and the time available to recharge.

What AmpereX engineers in a lithium battery GPU

A battery GPU is a power system, not just a battery. AmpereX's custom battery engineering, BMS and power-system work covers each subsystem, designed together for the required output.

  1. SUBSYSTEM 01

    Battery pack

    Lithium or LiFePO4 cells arranged in the series–parallel configuration that delivers the required voltage, peak current and usable energy. Cell selection considers discharge rating, thermal behaviour and cycle life.

  2. SUBSYSTEM 02

    Battery management system (BMS)

    Monitors cell voltages, currents and temperatures; balances cells; and protects the pack against over-current, short circuit, over- and under-voltage and over-temperature. BMS limits are coordinated with the output stage.

  3. SUBSYSTEM 03

    Power electronics

    DC–DC conversion and/or inversion that turns battery voltage into the regulated output the aircraft needs, with current limiting and controlled start-up for high-current loads.

  4. SUBSYSTEM 04

    Output configuration

    Output voltage, current rating, AC or DC form and duty cycle are defined from the aircraft and the ground operation — continuous ground power, engine-start support, or both.

  5. SUBSYSTEM 05

    Aircraft interface & connector

    Output cable and connector are specified to match the aircraft's external power receptacle, with cable length and conductor sizing set for the rated current.

  6. SUBSYSTEM 06

    Charging system

    An on-board or external charger sized to recharge the pack within the operation's turnaround window from available mains supply, with charge limits set by the BMS.

  7. SUBSYSTEM 07

    Enclosure & mobility

    A cart, trailer or fixed enclosure designed for apron conditions — heat, dust, rain and handling — with ventilation or active cooling for the pack and electronics.

  8. SUBSYSTEM 08

    Monitoring & protection

    State-of-charge display, fault indication, emergency stop, insulation and output protection so operators can see the unit's status and the aircraft is protected from abnormal output.

System scales and power configurations

AmpereX can engineer battery GPUs at different scales. The figures below describe different possible configurations — they are not the specification of a single universal ground power unit.

High-current configuration

≈1,200 Apeak current

Configurations aimed at high-current demand — for example, short-duration peak loads — can be engineered to reach approximately 1,200 A peak, depending on the final design of the pack, BMS, power electronics and cabling.

Larger-scale configuration

≈150 kWcontinuous power

Larger systems can be engineered for approximately 150 kW of continuous power, subject to the required output voltage, current, duty cycle and application.

Final ratings for any system depend on the required output voltage, current, duty cycle and application, and are confirmed during the engineering of that system.

Engineering for different aircraft categories

Aircraft differ in how they accept ground power. A battery GPU is engineered from the documented electrical requirements of the aircraft it will serve.

DC ground power

Many light aircraft, turboprops, helicopters and business aircraft use DC external power, commonly nominal 28 V DC. Requirements include steady-state current for ground operations and, where applicable, high-current engine-start support.

AC ground power

Larger transport aircraft commonly take 115/200 V AC, 400 Hz three-phase ground power. A battery-powered unit for this category needs an inverter stage sized for the continuous kVA the aircraft draws.

Application-specific requirements

Voltage, current, duty cycle, start profile and connector type differ by aircraft and operator. Each system is engineered from the aircraft's documented electrical requirements, not from a generic specification.

Beyond ground power

Aircraft batteries: engine start, takeoff energy, small aircraft & paramotors

The same lithium battery engineering behind battery GPUs applies to energy the aircraft itself needs — from the high-current pulse of an engine start to the peak power of an electric takeoff. AmpereX works on battery systems across these aviation applications.

Engine-start (starter) power

Starting an aircraft engine draws a short, very high current pulse. AmpereX engineers lithium battery systems and start-support units for this peak demand — cells rated for high discharge, a BMS and current path sized for the start pulse, and protection coordinated so the pack is not tripped by a normal start.

Takeoff and climb energy

Electric and hybrid-electric aircraft draw their highest power during takeoff and climb. Battery packs for these phases are engineered for high power delivery over a short duration, with thermal management and BMS limits set by the flight profile rather than by average cruise power.

Small aeroplanes, light sport and ultralight aircraft

Light aircraft have tight weight and space budgets. Lithium chemistry offers a better energy-to-weight ratio than lead-acid, and packs can be engineered as main or auxiliary batteries, avionics backup or electric propulsion storage, according to the aircraft's electrical system.

Paramotors and powered paragliders

Electric paramotors and powered paragliders need light, high-power battery packs that can be carried by the pilot or mounted to the frame. Pack voltage, capacity, discharge rating, connectors and BMS are designed around the motor controller and the intended flight time.

On-board and auxiliary aviation batteries

Beyond propulsion and starting, lithium packs can serve auxiliary loads, emergency and standby power, and ground-maintenance power where a custom form factor or voltage is needed.

What aviation battery engineering has to get right

  • Power-to-weight: cell chemistry and pack layout chosen to deliver the required power at the lowest practical mass
  • Peak discharge: cells, busbars, fusing and BMS rated for start pulses and takeoff power, not only continuous load
  • Thermal behaviour: heat generated during high-power phases managed within the cells' safe operating range
  • BMS integration: cell monitoring, balancing and protection coordinated with the motor controller or aircraft electrical system
  • Form factor: custom shapes, enclosures and mounting to fit the airframe, harness or ground equipment

Aviation ground power applications

Commercial airports

Apron and stand ground power for turnaround operations, reducing engine noise and exhaust at the gate.

Private airports & airfields

Ground power for business and general aviation operations where a fixed supply is unavailable at every stand.

Air bases

Mobile ground power engineered to the electrical requirements of the aircraft operated.

Maintenance facilities (MRO)

Ground power during inspections, avionics checks and system testing without running a combustion engine.

Hangars

Power inside enclosed hangars, where engine exhaust is a problem.

Ground-support operations

Integration with wider GSE fleets and charging infrastructure at aviation facilities.

How a battery GPU is engineered

  1. STEP 1

    Requirement definition

    Aircraft types, output voltage and form, continuous and peak current, duty cycle, operating hours and recharge window.

  2. STEP 2

    Energy & power sizing

    Cell chemistry, series–parallel layout, usable capacity and peak discharge capability.

  3. STEP 3

    BMS & protection design

    Protection thresholds, balancing, thermal limits and coordination with the output stage.

  4. STEP 4

    Power conversion & interface

    DC–DC or inverter stage, output regulation, cables and aircraft connector.

  5. STEP 5

    Charging, enclosure & monitoring

    Charger sizing, thermal management, enclosure, displays and fault handling.

  6. STEP 6

    Build, testing & commissioning

    Assembly, load testing against the defined profile, and handover to operators.

Battery ground power units: frequently asked questions

What is a battery-powered ground power unit (GPU)?

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A battery-powered GPU supplies electrical power to a parked aircraft from a rechargeable lithium or LiFePO4 battery pack, through power electronics and an aircraft connector, instead of from a diesel- or petrol-driven generator.

Can a lithium battery GPU replace a diesel GPU?

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For suitable applications, yes. Whether a battery GPU can replace a diesel unit depends on the aircraft's power requirement, the duty cycle, daily operating hours and the time available to recharge. AmpereX engineers each system against those requirements.

What are the benefits of an electric ground power unit?

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Battery operation produces no tailpipe emissions, reduces local exhaust on the apron and in hangars, runs more quietly than a combustion-engine GPU, is recharged from mains power and reduces dependence on fuel.

What power levels can AmpereX engineer for battery GPUs?

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AmpereX can engineer different scales of system. High-current configurations can reach approximately 1,200 A peak, and larger systems can deliver approximately 150 kW continuous power. These are different possible configurations, not the specification of one universal unit; the final rating depends on voltage, current, duty cycle and application.

Which components does AmpereX design in a battery GPU?

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The battery pack, BMS, power electronics, output configuration, aircraft interface and connector, charging system, enclosure, and monitoring and protection systems are all designed according to the application.

Why use LiFePO4 for a ground power unit?

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LiFePO4 is a thermally stable lithium chemistry with long cycle life, which suits equipment that is charged and discharged frequently. The final chemistry choice depends on the required power density, energy and operating conditions.

Can AmpereX engineer batteries for aircraft engine starting?

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Yes. Engine starting draws a short, very high current pulse. AmpereX engineers lithium battery systems and start-support units with cells, current paths and BMS protection sized for that peak demand, based on the aircraft's starting requirements.

Does AmpereX make batteries for small aircraft, ultralights and paramotors?

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AmpereX engineers custom lithium battery packs for small aeroplanes, light sport and ultralight aircraft, and electric paramotors and powered paragliders, including takeoff and climb energy for electric propulsion. Each pack is designed around the aircraft or motor controller's voltage, power, weight and flight-time requirements.

Has AmpereX delivered aviation projects in Pakistan?

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Yes. AmpereX has delivered multiple battery and power projects for airports in Pakistan. Project-specific details are shared directly with prospective aviation clients where permitted.

Can a battery GPU be engineered for different aircraft categories?

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Yes. Aircraft differ in whether they take DC or AC ground power, and in voltage, current and start requirements. Each battery GPU is engineered from the documented electrical requirements of the aircraft it will serve.